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Solar system Design

1) MNRE Annual Report 2015-2016

http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/annual-report/2015-2016/EN/Chapter%201/chapter_1.htm#1


2) Syllabus for different sectors

https://sdis.gov.in/SDI/frmSyllabus.aspx

3) Country Vs Expenditure

4) PVWATTS Derating Factors


The overall DC to AC derate factor is calculated by multiplying the component derate factors. For the PVWATTS default values:

            Overall DC to AC derate factor
                                                = 0.95 x 0.92 x 0.98 x 0.995 x 0.98 x 0.99 x 0.95 x 0.98 x 1.00 x 1.00 x 1.00
                                                = 0.77.
5)REC

Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) mechanism is a market based instrument to promote renewable energy and facilitate compliance of renewable purchase obligations (RPO). It is aimed at addressing the mismatch between availability of RE resources in state and the requirement of the obligated entities to meet the renewable purchase obligation (RPO).
One Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) is treated as equivalent to 1 MWh.
Two Types of REC's
a) There are two categories of RECs, viz., solar RECs and non-solar RECs.Solar RECs are issued to eligible entities for generation of electricity based on solar as renewable energy source, and non-solar RECs are issued to eligible entities for generation of electricity based on renewable energy sources other than solar.
b) The solar certificate shall be sold to the obligated entities to enable them to meet their renewable purchase obligation for solar, and non-solar certificate shall be sold to the obligated entities to enable them to meet their obligation for purchase from renewable energy sources other than solar.


Non solar REC ( / MWh)
w.e.f. - 01.04.12 -31.03.17)		Solar REC ( / MWh)
w.e.f. - 01.01.15 - 31.03.17
Forbearance Price3,3005,800
Floor Price1,5003,500
6)Elcometer:
Used to measure the thickness of coating of a structure.

7)Meteorological data sources
Summary of sources in Hourly values

Summary of meteo sources in Monthly values
8)Irradiance Calculator
http://solarelectricityhandbook.com/solar-irradiance.html

9)some usual values for the albedo factor

Urban environment
0.14 - 0.22
Grass
0.15 - 0.25
Fresh grass
0.26
Fresh snow
0.82
Wet snow
0.55-0.75
Dry asphalt
0.09-0.15
Wet Asphalt
0.18
Concrete
0.25-0.35
Red tiles
0.33
Aluminum
0.85
Copper
0.74
New galvanized steel
0.35
Very dirty galvanized
0.08













10)outline of the project's organization and simulation process in PVSYST


11)bypass diodes

1.These are additional to any PV module
2.function is to eliminate hot-spot phenomena which can damage pv cells.

12)Solar PV Projects Commissioned

http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/commissioning_status_spv_batch1_phase1.pdf

13)Commissioning Status of Solar PV Projects under Batch-II, Phase-I of JNNSM as on 31 July, 2013

http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/commissioning_status_spv_phaseI_batchII.pdf

 14)Solar Power Generation Data for Crystalline & Thin Film Projects (per MW) -(Jan-Dec,2013)

http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/summary-solar-power-generation-data-batch-I_batch-II.pdf

 15)Saving on Solar 



16)Battery Storage Companies 

  • ABB 
  • AESC 
  • AES Energy Storage 
  • Alevo 
  • Ambri 
  • Amprius 
  • Aquion Energy 
  • Bosch 
  • Boston-Power 
  • BYD  
  • CODA Energy 
  • Electrovaya 
  • EnerVault 
  • Envia Systems 
  • Eos Energy Storage 
  • GE 
  • Green Charge Networks 
  • Greensmith 
  • Imergy Power Systems 
  • JLM Energy 
  • Johnson Controls 
  • LG Chem 
  • OutBack Power 
  • Panasonic / Tesla / SolarCity 
  • Pellion Technologies 
  • Primus Power 
  • QuantumScape 
  • RES Americas 
  • S&C Electric Company 
  • Sakti3 
  • Samsung 
  • Seeo 
  • Sharp 
  • SK Continental E-motion 
  • Siemens 
  • Solar Grid Storage 
  • Spider9 
  • Stem 
  • Sunverge
  • ViZn Energy
  • Younicos 
17)CITD becomes the first MSME institute out of 300 to go solar

Capacity-50KW
Units per day-250
Savings-2.91L for every Six months

18)World's first canal-top Solar Power project in Gujarat -April 2012

Comissioned by-Sun Edison India
Location-Kadi

19)anti dumping duty

An anti-dumping duty is a protectionist tariff that a domestic government imposes on foreign imports that it believes are priced below fair market value. Dumping is a process where a company exports a product at a price lower than the price it normally charges on its own home market.
20) Special Properties of Solar Cables
  • Lifetime reliability: lasts up to 30 years even under tough external conditions.
  • Outdoor durability: resists extreme temperatures (-40°C to 120°C maximum at the core) and ozone resistant.
  • UV resistance: full protection against ultraviolet rays.
  • Halogen-free: Low Smoke Emission & Low Toxicity/Corrosivity during fire.
  • Properties against fire: flame retardant, fire retardant.
  • Flexibility and stripability: for fast and easy installation.
  • Fully recyclable: in accordance with new environmental regulations.
  • Easy installation with color identification (blue, red).
  • Suitable to common connector types.
  • UL, TÜV, UTE and IMQ-certified.

21)Elsolar

  • First Indian company to have installed a 1MW Solar Power Plant in Japan.
  • Installed and commissioned the First Solar powered High Court (500kW)in the country, in Chhattisgarh.
  • India’s first high efficiency (21%) 1MW solar power plant
22)Solar Module Structure Components
C-Purlin


Channel


L-Angles


Z-Purlin



23)Mounting Structures Manufacturers

1. Patny systems pvt Ltd.- Balanagar-9948091000-info@patnysystems.com
Leading manufacturer of Cable Trays,Gratings,Earthing and Mounting Structures

24)Battery Charging Stages
6-Stage Charging


4-Stage Charging


3-Stage Charging


2-Stage Charging


25)Some Useful Websites Related to solar Energy

26)Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Solar Panels 

Tier 1 Solar Panel Manufacturer Characteristics Uses the best grade of silicon to produce solar cells (higher the silicon grade, the longer the solar cell will last and the better it will perform) Produces some of the best performing solar panels at reasonable price. Is vertically integrated, meaning they make their own cells and wafers Controls each stage of the manufacturing process with advanced robotic processes Invests heavily in R&D. Produces 1 GW of solar panels in a year. 
Tier 2 Solar Panel Manufacturer Characteristics Uses partial robotics in their manufacturing process, and rely more on manual work from human production lines Produces good panels at good prices. Invests only a little in R&D. Is small to medium in scale.

Tier 3 Solar Panel Manufacturer Characteristics These are typically assemblers rather than pure panel manufacturers – i.e. they assemble other manufacturer’s cells into a panel Uses human production lines for manual soldering of solar cells instead of advanced robotics Quality can vary operator to operator and day to day. No investment in R&D.


27)various services

Approvals and Liasoning

Approvals and Liasoning forms mostly initial phase of development of plant that includes-
(A) Project registration at MNRE (Ministry of Non Renewable Energy) nodal agency
(B) LTOA (Long Term Open Agreement) related works
(C) Plant commissioning certificate
(D) PPA (power purchase agreement) with private/government
(E) Land related paper work
(F) REC (Renewable Energy Certificate) related SLDC Registration,
(G) Accreditation Certificate
(H) NLDC Registration

Plant Design and Engineering

Every project comes with its own difficulties- soil, weather, wind, radiance, and topography. All these factors need to be taken in account while designing its layout.Appropriate plant design and PV parameters are one of the key components to generate maximum output and thus maximum project value.
(A) Selection of modules (based on capacity and efficiency).
(B) Markings based on topographical sheet.
(C) Panels are mounted as per the markings with minimum disturbance to the environment.

Construction and Procurement Management

(A) Robust and agile supply chain(Tier 1 vendors) with global network for timely delivery of system equipments.
(B) Inventory Management
(C) Quality and Inspection control
(D) Mounting Solutions
(E) Alignment of non module components with module component to generate better yield
(F) Integrated planning, scheduling and execution system
(G) Final commissioning

Post Commissioning Management (O&M)

(A) Regular Cleaning- dust removal of panels and inverters
(B) Inspection of site
(C) Removal and replacement of faulty equipments
(D) Remote Monitoring of plant With SCADA implementation,
we can monitor functioning of our solar plant from anywhere. This enables us to:
(A) Knows real time data from anywhere anytime
(B) Detailed analysis to understand if power generated is as expected/designed
(C) Know issues on-field with equipments and manage with effective O&M
(D) Predict the power generation with certainty

28)steps required to set up a solar powered plant in India
Steps for setting of solar power plant:
1. Select capacity of project.
2. Selection of land- It should be within 2km of power substation to reduce the    power excavation charges.
3. Get approval from government and owner for land clearance.
4. Choose mode of power plant setup-
    Off-Grid Captive Consumption for domestic premises
    Off-Grid Captive Consumption for commercial premises
    Grid Connected (Net Metered) Captive Consumption for domestic premises
    Grid Connected (Net Metered) Captive Consumption for commercial premises
    Sale of Power generated to local Distribution Company (DISCOM)
    Sale of Power generated to 3rd Party consumer (Industry or Commercial entity)
5. Check for government policy for selected mode.(Refer MNRE, State Energy Development Agency)
6. Look for bank loans and government subsidies.
7. Submit Solar Application Form and Solar Connectivity Application Form.
8. Clear the process and get sanction letter.
9. Apply for PPA (Power Purchase Agreement).
10. Clear the process-
    Obtaining RFP (Request for proposal) document
    Bidding
    Submission of various legal and financial documents.
    Other evaluation process.
11. Get letter of intend.
12. Contact a EPC company for design and installation.
13. Complete Installation before COD( Comerical operation date)
14. Commissioning.     

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